Sun Also Rises free essay sample

Bulls, being the proud strong beasts that they are, can represent many things such as strength, health and even recklessness. In the novel The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway, bull fighting functions as a metaphor for human relations in many different ways. The story is told from the perspective of Jake Barnes, a somewhat disillusioned American with an unfortunate war injury that has rendered him impotent. Jake is in love with Brett who is a rich, rather promiscuous woman. The interesting thing about Jake and Bretts relationship is that it is completely frustrating to both of them, and they seem unable to break themselves from one another. The bull lives ambiguously both as strength and weakness to the Spaniards. The matador, in turn, represents the leader who leads the bull to his demise. The cape is the forbidden fruit that is used to entice the bull. Everything has a beginning and so is an end to the characters relationship with one another. We will write a custom essay sample on Sun Also Rises or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The protagonist is the narrator, Jake Barnes, an expatriate journalist living in Paris. He was injured in the WWI and unable to consummate with the passion of the flesh. He portrays himself to like all things macho, such as fishing, bullfighting, drinking and women. Jake observes everyone and everything around him, sometimes reacting, sometimes giving out advice and sometimes intervening into their lives. Jake is seen as the outcast. Bull fighting is a huge part of Jake’s life. In bull-fighting they speak of the terrain of the bull and the terrain of the bull-fighter. As long as a bull-fighter stays in his own terrain he is comparatively safe. Each time he enters into the terrain of the bull he is in great danger. Belmonte, in his best days, worked always in the terrain of the bull. This way he gave the sensation of coming tragedy. Because he did not look up to ask if it pleased he did it all for himself inside, and it strengthened him, and yet he did it for her, too. But he did not do it for her at any loss to himself. - Chapter 18, The Sun Also Rises. This quote is about Jake trying to explain to Brett about bullfight. He is trying to teach her the layout of it. Brett has an interest in this only because Jake does. She is trying to like the same thing he does so she can have more of a connection with him. The fight also manages to represent economy throughout life. Jake may enjoy being economical, but betraying his love of the bullfights, for his love for Brett is far from economical. Truly the economy of life is unimportant in the trite world that Jake and his companions wake up to each day. The bullfight can tie the many concepts Hemingway dreams up into one central event. In The Sun Also Rises, the bullfights show not only individualism and economy of motion but also the futility of life in general. When an event that incorporates life, death and serious emotions occurs, it is bound to parallel several other facets of life. One of the few events in life that can thoroughly present life and death in a graphic and public manner is the bullfight. Ernest Hemingway seems rather attached to the bullfight as it becomes a central symbol. Hemingway’s rugged individualism is shown throughout the novel and can be seen represented in the bullfight. While betrayal is not directly related to a bullfight, the fight allows for the characters to betray love. Weather in a ring with a bull or in a struggle with a love there is always a great struggle to be had. That is life in its truest form, man deals with both the world around him and the world inside his head at the same time. Love is one of the most powerful emotions on the planet, but love is not always happy. Love can cause an overwhelming feeling of isolation and loneliness especially when dealing with death and how it affects us, and those we love. The album â€Å"Revolver† by The Beatles voices these emotions and puts them in a context that we don’t often see. Through the words of the album we here many references to love and how it relates to death and isolation. Eleanor Rigby, and She Said, She Said Bring these feeling to the forefront of one’s mind. The most epic love ballad The Beatles have ever written is Eleanor Rigby. This woman spends her remaining days in a depressed stupor over a loved one that she will never see again. â€Å"Waits at the window, wearing the face that she keeps in a jar by the door, Who is it for? †¦ Eleanor Rigby died in the church and was buried along with her name, Nobody came†. This woman had isolated herself from everyone, and after the depression of the isolation hit her there was nothing more to live for. Her love of whomever she was waiting for had been too much for her. Then at her funeral there was nobody there but a priest to say the last rights. Her name was lost to the rest of the world with no legacy. The very words of this song bleed with love, self isolation and death. With the spirit of a Greek epic, The Beatles have masterfully sown a very deep and meaningful story in only a few short words. Though not as classic a tale as Eleanor Rigby, She Said, She Said has the exact same feel of woe in perhaps a more modern scene, at least modern for the 1960s. The conversational style of the song in some ways makes it more personal for the listener who can relate in some ways to conversations had with past men. The most obvious theme in the song is isolation. This is noted with the repeating of the words â€Å"†¦ making me feel like I’ve never been born†. This is a simple statement that carries with it a meaning to deep for so few words. The other lyrics of the song are a conversation between one woman who already feels isolated and one man who is feeling the same because she no longer wants to be with him. â€Å"She said I know what its like to be dead. I know what it is to be sad And shes making me feel like Ive never been born. †¦ I said Who put all those things in your head? Things that make me feel that Im mad And youre making me feel like Ive never been born. †. One says that she wants to leave because she feels that this man is causing her isolation. The man feels she is being influenced and is lost to her ideas that his making her feel depressed. The very thought of this is madness to him. Breaking up is never easy; the heartache that people feel may not be as epic or as sad as Eleanor Rigby, but the feelings of isolation are still true to life. From the classic romance to the simple act of breaking up these songs have brought on the feeling of isolation and showed how they relate to death and love. The Beatles were truly the greatest poets of their generation and it is a shame the same talent is not put in the spotlight today.

Charles Dickens Portray Deprivation Essay Example

Charles Dickens Portray Deprivation Essay Example Charles Dickens Portray Deprivation Essay Charles Dickens Portray Deprivation Essay Oliver once again is not helped by the introduction of another workhouse employee Mr. Bumble. His first impression shows him as a violent, cruel and sadistic man when he kicks down the gate leading to the workhouse. He is shown as a extremely selfish man who is full of own importance and cares for only himself and his money. Mr. Bumbles evil personality is revealed when he makes a cruel joke the number of infant deaths in the workhouse. He is a large, well fed plump person who in comparison to the small and fragile Oliver is enormous. Mr.Bumble is a bully, this is demonstrated by the way he grasps his cane and uses firm words with Mrs. Mann. When speaking eloquently he makes obvious mistakes, when speaking with Mrs. Mann he pronounces aware as aweer. Oliver is eventually offered accompanied by five pounds to the first half decent person to walk into the workhouse. Mr. Gamfield the local chimney sweep went for Oliver and the five pounds. The board refused to give Oliver to him as Mr. Gamfield had a negative track record, he had taken orphans before and they had died under his care. Dickens made it obvious that Mr. Gamfield wanted Oliver for all of the wrong reasons. He only wanted Oliver as a personal slave and to labour for him as he small enough to get up the chimneys, the five pounds also helped to convince him to enter the workhouse Mr. Gamfield like many other adults in his life was cruel and violent We can see this with his donkey he catches hold of the bridal and gives the jay a sharp wrench. The gentleman in the white waistcoat also had no sympathy or care for the orphans. This is demonstrated when jokes, his board neednt come very expensive, for he hasnt been overfed since he was born. Ha! Ha! Ha! He also doesnt want to part with his money, when Mr. Gamfield wants to take on Oliver as an apprentice he tries to give as little money as possible for taking the child. After Mr. Gamfield was denied Oliver as his apprentice Mr. Sowerberry, the parish undertaker, takes Oliver on as his apprentice to dig graves. Oliver has absolutely no say in the matter he is actually told that if he complains about the situation he will suffer dire consequences. Mrs. Sowerberry is concerned that Oliver is only small and his appetite is large, she complains that to make the boy grow strong by eating their food. Mrs. Sowerberry abuses Oliver by feeding him the leftovers, not her leftovers but the leftovers that even the dog wouldnt eat. After eating his food Oliver is shown to where he will be sleeping, Mrs. Sowerberry shows him to bed which is under the counter in the undertakers shop. He is told that he has no option but to sleep with the coffins.

CYBER ATTACK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CYBER ATTACK - Essay Example The opponents may utilize it to attack and disrupt communication and the information flow (Schiller 6). The major types of cyber attacks include DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) and using computers hijacked and infected with viruses to target websites (Apps). However, according to Apps, a new type of cyber attack which involves overwhelming data centres and crashing websites has evolved. The attackers are majorly nation states, criminal gangs, and diehard activists seeking a chance to hit their enemies. Apps further reiterates that the goals of the attackers include political activism, providing data theft distraction, extortion and some attackers just want to showcase their hacking skills. Prevention of cyber attacks requires the vulnerable parties to understand the critical assets that need protection and enhance the available security solutions for better detection of possible attacks and real-time response (Shackelford 267). Cyberspace vulnerabilities raise tremendously important legal questions. In defining the legal issue, it is vital to know what constitutes an adversarial attack in cyberspace. While there is no clear statement in international law that outlines legally acceptable or unacceptable cyber defensive actions, there are legal principles that establish the rights to counter a cyber attack as a valid legal response to acts of aggression (Carr

Federal Contracting Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Federal Contracting - Term Paper Example From this paper, it is clear that FedBizOpps is a very valuable resource that offers detailed information on how and when vendors should respond to all federal contract solicitations worthy $25000 or more (Longley, N.d). US General Services Administration (GSA) establishes and administers the largest government-wide contracts with the government agencies ordering goods and services directly from the GSA schedule contractors. Municipalities, counties, states and federal agencies have huge needs which can be fulfilled by our company thus it paramount to remain vigilant of the government contracts whether they are advertised in the daily newspapers or websites such as FedBizOpps or each arm of a government website. In conclusion, before presenting any bid it is important that your company do the following in order to enhance its competitiveness in the bidding process. First the company should do an extensive research about the agency; secondly, analyze your competition well to know what they are likely to offer.For our company, upon extensive research on government websites, the following contract is very suitable for our bidding. Based on our research, we have several competitors for this type of contracts from the government but the leading among our competitor is OWL COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES, INC located in Ridgefield, CT, USA. This company was awarded 29 contracts worthy $ 1752k between 2005 and 2008 (OnBid, 2009). Our competitor analysis will focus on this company as indicated below.... Global IT & Office Solutions Ltd is based in Erie, PA and was founded in 1997 to offer computer and office equipments repair and maintenance services to our esteemed customers who range from individuals, institutions, government agencies and multinational corporations. We service all models and makes of computers and office equipments. Our strength is based on keeping up-to-date with technological advancements; highly trained, experienced and updated staff; and keeping the needs of our clients first through effective management of our resources. Mission: our goal is to offer high quality services to our clients to ensure complete solution and satisfaction of every business through friendly and knowledgeable service and support. Our hope is that you will feel confident in our ability to meet your expectations and know that our customers are always our number one focus. Scenario 2 Competitor analysis is a crucial part of strategic planning as it helps the management to compare it compe titive advantages with that of competitors; understand competitors’ future strategies; develop strategies for future competitive advantage; and forecast possible future returns on investments. Based on our research, we have several competitors for this type of contracts from the government but the leading among our competitor is OWL COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES, INC located in Ridgefield, CT, USA. This company was awarded 29 contracts worthy $ 1752k between 2005 and 2008 (OnBid, 2009). Our competitor analysis will focus on this company as indicated below. OWL COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES, INC Market Share Around 5 percent based on the available industry statistics and business turnover Major Customers National bureau of statistics and two multinational companies. What do their customers

Climate Change Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Climate Change - Research Paper Example This issue is extremely important because it can cause a lot of damage to human beings if nothing is done about it in the future. It can have life-threatening ramifications should nothing be done about it immediately. Methane is another very important greenhouse gas, large quantities of methane is produced by domesticated animals which again directly affects the environment. Coal mining and oil drilling are other activities which produce methane in abundance; these activities are done on a daily basis producing unimaginable quantities of methane. These important things must be understood to be really able to restore the normal climatic conditions, there is a lot of pollution everywhere these days, the most populated countries like India and China release alarming amounts of harmful gases each day, this must be put to an end soon to ensure that there are no calamities in the future. â€Å"Electricity is the main source of power in urban areas. All our gadgets run on electricity generated mainly from thermal power plants. These thermal power plants are run on fossil fuels (mostly coal) and are responsible for the emission of huge amounts of greenhouse gases and other pollutants.† (Causes of Climate Change) â€Å"Much of the world’s economy is underpinned by carbon – the ‘fuel’ in fossil fuels. ... Deforestation is certainly one thing which we must refrain from doing, there are other activities like mining, running air conditioners the whole day and so on, these activities release harmful gases into the environment which in turn cause climate change. It is high time to reduce these activities gradually so that we do not face the wrath of Mother Nature. ii. Carbon dioxide emission can be drastically reduced by using solar energy and LPG, LPG is being used in some countries and some others use solar energy but it is important to cut down the carbon dioxide emission otherwise it is all doom and gloom for us. iii. The most important thing is to ensure that Co2 emission is reduced drastically, the next important thing is to ensure that no deforestation takes place. Cutting down on methane is also very important. Other things include cutting down on wastage like running air conditioners for fewer hours so that it emits harmful gases for a limited hours. These things can bring about a lot of positive changes. iv. â€Å"Climate change may result from both natural and human causes. The importance of human causes has been increasing during the past few decades.† (Global Warming Facts) Global warming and climate change are very closely related concepts; the depletion of the ozone layer is expected to cause a lot of damage. Skin cancer is one of the biggest fears should the ozone layer be depleted further. â€Å"Livestock lead rice-growing, gas-flaring, and mining in global emissions of this highly potent greenhouse gas. Options for reducing methane emissions go beyond reducing beef and dairy consumption. These mitigation strategies also include reducing methane emissions from mines, gas production facilities, and

The Abrasive Jet Machining Engineering Essay

The Abrasive Jet Machining Engineering Essay Abrasive Jet machining is a kind of blasting process and one of the most hopeful micro machining process for hard and brittle materials like glasses and ceramics. Metal is removed due to the erosion caused by impact of high speed abrasive jet. Abrasive Jet machine has precision X-Y axis rigidly mounted to the cutting table and it has programmable Z axis with nozzle assembly. According to the proper design calculations we can select different components of Abrasive Jet Machine. In this project, I develop the model using different CAD packages like AUTO CAD and SOLID WORKS. Moreover I also explain the effect of several AJM operating parameters like standoff distance, size and type of abrasives on metal removal rate of AJM. I explain how we can maximize the efficiency of AJM by controlling their parameters. In this model care has been taken that use less fabricated component rather than directly procuring them because sometimes we find less accuracy in fabricated component so performance of machine can be low. Introduction of Abrasive Jet Machining Material removal processes is a part of manufacturing process and it can be divided into two major groups. One is conventional machining processes and another is Non- conventional machining processes. Different types of Conventional machining processes are Milling, Shaping, Drilling, Slotting, Boring, etc. And the examples of Non Conventional Processes are Abrasive Jet Machining (AJM), Electro-Discharge Machining (EDM), Laser Beam Machining (lBM), Abrasive Water Jet Machining (AWJM) etc.. Abrasive jet machining also called, Abrasive Micro blasting, it is a material removing process and material is removed by a focused steam of abrasive particles carried by high pressure gas or air. A fine abrasive particle strikes on work surface through nozzle and the material is removed by erosion by the high velocity abrasive particle. AJM is used mainly to cut materials that are very sensitive to heat damage and thin section of hard materials that chip easily and it is also used to cut intricate shapes and holes which are more difficult to produce by other processes. Equipments of Abrasive Jet Machine C:UsersVishalDesktoppart01.jpg A layout of Abrasive Jet Machining is shown in fig. Abrasive particles are fed from the hoper into the mixing chamber. High pressure air or gas (such as Carbon Di-oxide or Nitrogen) used as carrier gas is supplied to the mixing chamber which containing abrasive powder and vibrating at 50 c/s. with the help of pressure regulator we can control the gas flow and pressure. The high pressure air/gas entrains the abrasive particles and this mixture comes out from small nozzle at high velocity. This stream of abrasive particles strikes on the surface of work-piece and cut the material. The abrasive stream is directed to the work piece locations by nozzle, which may be manually positioned or mounted in some designed fixture for automatic operation. For automatic operation, cam drives, tracer mechanism or pantographs used to automatically position either nozzle or work piece. Abrasive Jet Machining Mechanism: C:UsersVishalDesktopAjm set up 3d.jpg In this process kinetic energy of abrasive jet is strike on the surface of work piece then it converts into pressure energy. If pressure energy is more than the yield strength or tensile strength of work piece material then material gets cut. List of Components of AJM: Abrasive Delivery System ( Including Hopper) Pressure Regulator Air filter valve Mixer Nozzle Suitable arrangement to hold the work piece Elements of Abrasive Jet Machine There are three main elements of AJM: Nozzle Abrasive Carrier gas The above mentioned three elements of AJM influence: Material removal rate and accuracy of machining Nozzle wear rate Surface roughness Geometry of cut Variables in Abrasive Jet Machine The process can be easily controlled to vary the metal removal rate which Depends on following variables. Nozzle design ( mean Shape of nozzle such as circular, square) Distance between the nozzle and work piece Inclination to the work surface Type of abrasive Size and shape of abrasive Flow rate of abrasive Type of carrier gases Velocity of abrasive jet Work piece material Nozzle design: Nozzle must be resistant under different conditions like pressure and kinetic energy of jet and common materials used for nozzle are tungsten carbide and synthetic sapphire. Pressure losses at the end of nozzle should be low. Distance between nozzle and work piece: Standoff distance affect on material removal rate of AJM. Material removal rate is increase if we increase standoff distance up to certain limit and then fall gradually. Small standoff distance gives better penetration of abrasive particle into the work piece and large standoff distance might cause flaring. Successfully experiments show that effective standoff distance is 0.8mm. Types of abrasive: Aluminum oxide is preferable abrasive in majority of application and silicon carbide abrasive also use in certain cases. Abrasive size also prominent factor in AJM. Best results have been obtained with a abrasive size in the range of 10-50  µm. Abrasive Flow Rate: Maximum material removal rate is achieved with a flow rate at 8-18 g/m. Increase the flow rate above the normal range for a particular nozzle design results in lower stream velocity thus decrease the material removal rate. It is advisable to use acceptable flow rate to conserve abrasives and increase the nozzle life. Grain size: Abrasives with smaller grain size have high density which may cause chocking problem of nozzle. General grain size use in AJM is 10 µ to 50 µ. Fine grains are used for polishing and deburring. Coarse grain size cut faster and cut deeper also. Work piece material: Abrasive jet Machine is generally used for machining brittle material like ceramics and glass and effect of MRR is depends on hardness of material if hardness is high then MRR is low and vice versa. Advantages of Abrasive Jet Machine: Low capital cost Low power consumption Ability to cut intricate shapes in high hardness and toughness material Ability to cut fragile and heat sensitive material without damage because no heat generated and overall forces are low The part produced is free of burs It is flexible process from design point of view Tooling time is substantially reduced Both faces of work piece can be machined simultaneously. Disadvantages of Abrasive Jet Machine It is slow process since metal removal rate is very slow. Larger floor space is required Skilled operators are needed Sharp corner cannot be produced High manufacturing cost Material thickness that can be machined is limited Abrasive grains can stick into soft material so cleaning is required High wear rate of nozzle The process tends to pollute the environment Applications of Abrasive Jet Machine Removing flash and parting lines form the injection molding machine Deburring and polishing plastic components like nylon and Teflon Frosting interior surface of glass tubes Etching marking on glass cylinder High quality surface can be easily produced Glue, paints can be removed effectively form paintings. Different Components of Abrasive Jet Machining set up Abrasive Delivery System CNC Control System Pump Nozzle Different Motion System of Nozzle Catcher plate Abrasive Delivery System: Modern abrasive delivery feed system do not need a vibratory feeders and other metering valves. For smooth and precision cutting operation we need to have fixed and continuous abrasive flow rate. Now days we use orifice metering system metering system which is very reliable and extremely repeatable. During machining set up, once we measured the abrasive flow rate through orifice we can enter that value in control computer programmed and then no adjustment or further tuning of abrasive flow is ever be required. Bulk abrasive delivery system is mounted with the wheel and it is also easy to move and this kind of system is use compressed air to transport garnet from the bulk abrasive hopper to small hopper attached with the machine. Features: can hold approximately 550lbs abrasive Can be located 20 feet away from the Abrasive Jet machine. Height and Width are of following: 1320mm and 960mm Can handle minimum pressure 80 to 95 psi. How it works: Abrasive particles are stored into the hopper and abrasive container has one inlet and one outlet for air passage. The flow rate of abrasive is controlled by rotational speed of motor. Due to rotation of cam, abrasive container gets vibration. The abrasive particle is delivered by rotation of cam and motor arrangement. C:UsersVishalDesktophopper 3d.jpg C:UsersVishalDesktopAbarsive hopper.jpg Control System for Abrasive Water jet Machine: Most of abrasive water jet machine equipped with the CNC control system. G code programming is installed in CNC machine. But the limitations of the G code Controller is that feed rate is held at constant speed and feed rate varies only for some regions like curves and corners. Another limitation of G code controller is that is used for rigid cutting tools. Abrasive water jet machine is not a kind of rigid cutting tool. Every time change the feed rate for curves and corner results in uneven cut. So by considering various parameters like parameters of nozzle and intricate shape of part and variable thickness of the work piece and materials going to cut help to determine the feed rate so that operation can be done smoothly. For that we have to prepare the control algorithm which compute the desired feed rate based on the above parameters. By using G code we can convert this feed rate mechanism into a actual programming. This programming help to drive the servomotors and that controls the X Y motion and this way we can make part with more precision. Pump: Two type of pumps used in the Abrasive water jet system. One is Crankshaft pump which was used in old technology buy nowadays for high pressure cutting technology intensifier pump is used. In this hydraulic power pack system is a type of positive displacement pump. This system drives the intensifier. Hydraulic power pack system is controlled by microcomputers to set up the pressure etc†¦ Electric motor is used to drive the hydraulic pump and as the hydraulic fluid push the large cylinder which generate the high force on small cylinder and this small cylinder pressurize the water at the level which is proportional to the cross section area of larger cylinder to the small cylinder. Nozzle: High pressure water flows into the nozzle and cutting head of nozzle which comprise of an orifice and mixing chamber and an insert where water jet mixed with the abrasive and form an abrasive water jet. Various motion of the nozzle is controlled by motion system across the material. C:UsersVishalDesktopnozzle01.jpg How water jet Forms: Typical diameter of the nozzle is 6mm. High pressure water is then fed into the pipe which can carry the water at 400 Mpa and consisting of different joints without any leakage between them. When water passes through the orifice flow of water convert onto narrow jet and orifice diameter is usually about 0.2 to 0.4mm. When water enters into the cutting head section pressure head of water is converted into velocity head. Velocity of water can be expressed as Vw = 2Pw / Ï w. Where Pw is the pressure of water and Ï w is density of the water. The orifice usually made of sapphire and life of the orifice is about 100-150 hours. From orifice narrow water jet passes through the small section vacuum is created in mixing chamber and that pulls abrasive particles and air into the mixing chamber. Abrasive particles are feed through the different techniques like Vibratory bowl or Belt feeder. Mixing Chamber: Mixing tube is the section where abrasive particles mixed with the water jet. Focusing tube generally made of tungsten carbide because of its good abrasive resistance characteristics. Focusing tube has inner diameter typical about 0.8 to 1.6mm and length of 50 t0 80 mm. To get the maximum accuracy we have to replace the mixing tube frequently. We can replace it when tolerance goes below the acceptable level. Numerical modeling of Mixing process can be described as of follow: If we consider some energy losses at the water jet formation at the end of orifice then water jet velocity described as of following way: Vw = ÃŽ ¦ √ (2Pw/ Ï w) Where ÃŽ ¦ is Velocity coefficient of the orifice. Volume flow rate of water can be expressed as following: Qw = ÃŽ ¨ x Area of orifice x Vw = ÃŽ ¨ x à °Ã‚ Ã…“ «/4 do ² x ÃŽ ¦ √ (2Pw/ Ï w) = Cd x à °Ã‚ Ã…“ « /4 do ² x √ (2Pw/ Ï w) Where ÃŽ ¨ = co efficient of Vena Contracta Cd = Discharge co efficient of orifice. So total power of the water jet can be expressed by Pw = Qw x Pw = = Cd x à °Ã‚ Ã…“ « /4 do ² x √ (2Pw ³/ Ï w) Due to the loss occur in the mixing process both momentum and energy is not conserved. But assumed that no looses occur in momentum at initially. So ÃŽ £ (à ¡Ã‚ ¹Ã‚  x v) before = ÃŽ £ (à ¡Ã‚ ¹Ã‚  x v)After (à ¡Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ airvair + à ¡Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ wvw + à ¡Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ ava)before = ( à ¡Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ aivairr + à ¡Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ wvw + à ¡Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ ava)After As we know that air has very low density so momentum of air, before and after are neglected. Consider one more assumption and is that after mixing abrasive particle has same velocity of water and also neglect the momentum of abrasive then above equation can be expressed by à ¡Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ wvw = ( à ¡Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ w + à ¡Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ a) vaw So vaw = [(1/(1 + R) ] x vw Where R is the loading factor = à ¡Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ a/ à ¡Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ w During mixing process momentum losses occur due to the friction between the abrasive particle and inner wall of focusing tube and collision between the abrasive particle and water jet so for time being consider momentum losses and then equation is described by V aw = ÃŽ · x [(1/(1 + R) ] x vw Where ÃŽ · is the momentum loss factor. Motion System: Motion system can be designed in many ways according to the motion of nozzle around a work piece. This mechanism provides excellent operating conditions for the operator. C:UsersVishalDesktop3dTable 3Imagetable1.jpg Materials are loaded with the help of overhead crane or fork lift truck to the tank. This mechanism is useful for 5 axis tables and also provides pretty much space to the vertical tilted axis. This structure has restriction to the movement of nozzle that means movement of nozzle has limitation to twist and long distance between the table and work piece result in error due to the deflection of machine. In this type of mechanism, Nozzle is mounted to the Y axis carriage. C:UsersVishalDesktop3dTable 3Imagetable 2.jpg Y axis is moving beam and is mounted with the X axis. Back beam is supported at the two ends. This mechanism is suitable for very large machine. C:UsersVishalDesktop3dTable 3Imagetable 3.jpg In above mechanism, nozzle is very close to the plane of work piece which minimize static and dynamic errors while operation is going on. This system is not suitable for manually material loading and this provide material loading is equal to the access of the tank. Cost estimation ( Bill of material) Item Cost per single item No of items required Total cost Linear motion guide ways hsr30cm $385 3 $1155 Precision Ball screw $188 3 $564 Supporting Unit $144 3 $432 Frl unit air filter $48 1 $48 Diamond nozzle for long service life $900 1 $900 Abrasive hopper with 90lb capacity $132 1 $132 Other accessories $250 $250 Total $3481 Material Removal rate Mechanism and Modeling in Abrasive Jet Machining As we discussed earlier, material removal rate takes place in abrasive jet machining because of the erosion of the work material and erosion take place due to the high impact of jet velocity strikes on the work piece. Following assumption has been considered in mechanism of Material removal rate. Shapes of the abrasives are spherical and abrasive particles are rigid. Kinetic energy of the abrasive particles is fully used in removing material of the work piece. Erosion takes place in brittle material due to the brittle fracture and the volume of fracture is considered as hemispherical with the diameter which is equal to length of the indentation. C:UsersVishalDesktopGeometry.jpg C:UsersVishalDesktopPart2.jpg From the geometry of the erosion of material DE ² = DF ² + EF ² EF ² = r ² = DE ² DF ² r ² = (dg/2) ² (dg/2 H)  ² = -H ² + dg H ≅ dg H r = Volume of the erosion of material is equal to the volume of hemispherical crater and is given by: TB = 2/3 = 2/3 x (dg H) ^3/2 As we know kinetic energy equation is given by  ½ mv ² so the kinetic energy of Abrasive particle grit is given by K.Eg =  ½ mg V ² = /12 x dg Ï g V ² Where V = Velocity of Abrasive Particle Ï g = Density of Abrasive Grit dg = Diameter of Single Abrasive Grit mg = Mass of Abrasive Grit When Abrasive particle strikes on Work piece material, work piece will be subjected to maximum forces which cause the erosion of material which I indicated in figure by symbol H. Therefore work done is given by W =  ½ x F H Impact force F is give by F = Indentation Area x hardness of the material W =  ½ x r ² H S And Work done is equal to Kinetic energy because we assumed that kinetic energy is fully utilized for material removal so W = Kinetic energy K.E  ½ x r ² H = = /12 x dg Ï g V ² So H = (dg Ï g V ²)/ (6r ²S) = dg V (Ï g/6S) ^1/2 Now material removal rate of brittle material can be expressed as of following: MrrB = TB x No. of strikes by abrasive grits per second N = TB x (ma/ /6 dg Ï g) = (6TB ma/ dg Ï g ) Now Put the value of TB = 2/3 x (dg H) ^3/2 = [ 6 x (2/3 x (dg H) ^3/2) x ma] / ( dg Ï g ) = (4 ma Ï g) x (H/dg) ^3/2 As we know that H = dg V (Ï g/6S) ^1/2 So MrrB = (4ma/ Ï g) x (dgV/dg) ^3/2) x (Ï g/6H) ^3/4 = (4maV) ^3/2 / (6^3/4 x Ï g^1/4 x S ^3/4) = (maV^3/2) / (Ï g^1/4 x S^3/4) Fabrication and Assembly of Abrasive Jet Machine Nozzle: A standard length of cylindrical rod typically made of Tungsten Carbide or Synthetic Sapphire or MS was cut into the proper length based on the requirements by using power hack saw. By turning process in Lathe machine we can reduced the diameter of cylindrical rod and bring up to 15mm. On same lathe machine we can make tip by Taper turning process by tapering one end of cylindrical rod. Then make a blind hole of 20mm on planner face of rod by using 12mm drill bit in drilling machine. Due to the tool tip angel, a shape of 118 degree formed at the end of blind hole. To get the 1mm of Tip of nozzle, we can use the 0.74mm drill bit in Drilling process. Cam: Mild steel of 40mm diameter can be used as a raw material of Cam. Turning process is used to bring down the diameter up to 35mm. By using power hack saw we can get the required width (Approximate 25mm). Then both cut faces can be machined in Milling Machine. Through hole can be made by 16mm Drill Bit in Drilling Machine. Abrasive Container: Abrasive container usually made out of the hollow cylinder. On the both end of container two Cast Iron plates were welded. On the top plate, two iron pipes fitted through the holes. There are two pipes in a system, one is inlet which is longer and makes more agitation of abrasive particles and outlet pipe is shorter. Compressed air goes to the abrasive container through inlet pipe and mixed with the abrasive particles then mixture of Air and Abrasive forward to the nozzle to perform operation Vibrator Assembly: Angel section is welded with the base plate by welding process. Induction motor is placed on the angle section which is parallel to the base plate. Induction motor is tightening with the nut and bolt with base plate. Cam is fixed with motor shaft and Abrasive container is connected to the rod and it is freely to rotate around the rod. C:UsersVishalDesktopVribator.jpg Design data and Technical Specification of Various Components: X-Y Table X -Y table is prominent part of the abrasive water jet machine. Various fixturing arrangements have to be provided to hold the work piece while operation is running. The travel of X-Y table has been decided based on the application. Table consists of two parts. One is upper plate and another one is lower plate. Upper table travel in X direction and lower table travel in Y direction. Based the model of Omax 2626, table can travel 730mm x 660mm. Y Axis is responsible for movement of work piece in Y direction. Other components of X-Y are of following. Linear motion guide way Recalculating ball screw Supporting unit for ball screw Couplings Nuts and bolts Other components as required Linear motion guide way: General application of linear motion guide is for the linear motion. Based on the different parameters like travel length, floor space requirement, type of equipment being used, linear motion guide way is selected. With the help of different rollers which provide rolling elements between the rails and block we can get higher precision linear motion system. Frictional losses are reduced between the elements by restraint effects between the rails and block and it can withstand high load in any directions. Assembly of Linear motion Guide way Source: Hiwin linear motion guide way catalog_G99TE13-0809 C:UsersVishalDesktopl m guide way.JPG L M Guide way with Dimensions Structure of linear motion guide way: As shown in fig, each raw of balls have angle contact 45 degree. Retainer plate has facility to hold the recalculating ball screw which guide linear motion guide way in directions. End plate is attached with the linear motion blocks which allow the balls to circulate. Side seal is placed between the row of balls and grease nipple is attached with the end plate. Linear motion guide way can achieve precise motion by setting up the section height smaller as much as possible based on the requirements and also provide rigidity of the model. Compare to all others traditional slides, co efficient of friction of linear motion guide way is 1/50 th. Advantages of linear motion guide way: Provide high accuracy Insufficient lubrications in traditional slides give errors in accuracy and in linear motion guide way frictional contact is rolling contact so it has little wear and therefore it has long life. Due to small frictional resistance a small driving force required to move the load and hence it provides high speed of motion. Provide Equal loads capacity in all four direction Best advantage is the interchangeability of the parts. Ball Screw: Ball screw assembly for linear motion guide way consists of screw and nuts. Helical threads or grooves provided between nuts and screws and balls are rotate between them. Ball return system provides the way to return the balls again that means when ball reach at the end of the nut it return through the return pipe. Ball nuts in ball screw assembly determine the fatigue failure in the system and ratios of number of threads in ball nut to the number of threads on ball screw decide the wear out. By considering the table length, calculation of X axis and Y axis ball screw length is determined. For our table our X axis ball screw length should be 730mm + 200 mm (Breadth for upper table) + 100mm allowances for below cover so it should be 1030mm. For Y axis table it should be 660mm + 200mm + 100mm so it should be 960mm. Based on the ball screw length, rail length is determined and which is 50mm larger than ball screw length. C:UsersVishalDesktopball screw.JPG Ball screw Assembly Supporting Units: Ball screw supported bearing are designed with the high bearing stiffness compare to other conventional bearing. Two kinds of supports are available fixed end support unit and supported end support unit. In fixed end support unit can take all thrust by given work and in another support end support unit acts like usual bearing. Nut bracket is used to bolt the ball screw nut with the work load platform. Vertical motion Module: Vertical motion module comprise of all above components like L M guide way, Pipe holder , Ball screw assemble, supporting units, nozzle holder and nozzle etc. This assembly is used for adjustment of stand of distance between nozzle and work piece. C:UsersVishalDesktopVerticle motion module.jpg Fixture arrangement for work piece in Abrasive Jet Machine As abrasive jet machine is used for various kind of applications that also result in various fixture arrangement of work piece based on the application. So not only one application can use for the applications. Usually Abrasive jet machine requires less fixturing equipment to get start the operation so combination of different components can be used for particular kind of work. Fixture is used to locate the work piece correctly and for quick loading to reduce the machining cycle time. To prevent undesirable movement or rotation of work piece while the work piece is under the process. When work piece is under the processes, high pressure of water and abrasive strikes on the work piece so it can move in sideways or lift up those results in errors. Most of abrasive jets are used to make flat parts or add some features to the existing parts. So for all kind of flat parts 3 parameters has to considered and which are X position , Y- position and angle of rotation with respect to X-Y point. Figure shows the fixture arrangement of work piece for flat parts using square and clamps. As shown in figure parts are lying on the slats and clamping is provided to prevent the side motion of work piece because slats do not provide better support to the work piece. A square plate is bolted with the tank. As shown in fig. Screws which are close to the work piece is a clamping screws and which are far from the work piece for the square to adjust the different thickness of material. This system is used to prevent the rotating motion of slats. Comparison of Abrasive jet Machining process with other Processes: Abrasive Jet machine Vs Laser Beam Machining: Comparison with respect to the material can be cut: Abrasive water jet can cut varieties of material with good conditions compare to laser beam machining. For refractory materials, laser beam machining has poor applicability whereas abrasive water jet has good applicability for same materials. Capital cost and abrasive water jet set up is very low compare to Laser machining. There is no heat produce in Abrasive water jet marching so it minimize the thermal distortion of material also minimize the secondary operation because it provides continuous or uniform smooth surface with little burr on the surface. As the thickness of the work piece increase, higher precision can be obtained by abrasive jet machine with the same or higher tolerance than laser. Abrasive water jets are safer compare to laser machining and abrasive jet nozzle is very simple than laser however life of nozzle is about 100-150 hours of operation. However there are some disadvantages associated with the abrasive water jet process while compare with the laser machining like tool wear is very low and power consumption also very low in laser machining as abrasive water jet has little high compare to laser. Abrasive water jet machine or Abrasive jet machine Vs. EDM. EDM has low applicability for the material like super alloys whereas abrasive water jet machining has good applicability of the same materials. Abrasive water jet machining has facility to make piercing in the parts by itself while EDM process has required pre drilled hole. There is no heat affected zone so this process eliminates secondary operations. Good capabilities to make large parts with economical cost. Rapid software programming which is very simple and less set up with fixturing make this machine considerable to buyers. It can work better in any kind of materials like conductive or non conductive. If the thickness of work piece is less than the 25mm or 1 inch, abrasive jet machine works five to eight times faster than the EDM but less precise as well. Abrasive water jets Vs Plasma Material removal rate efficiency of plasma machining is very low compare to the abrasive water jet machining. Plasma machining is not preferable to refractory material while abrasive water jet machining applicable to wide range of materials. Abrasive water jet provides better edge finish than plasma machining process but plasma machining process is faster than the Abrasive water jet process. Abrasive water jet Vs. Milling Milling can be used for rapid production if set up is already done and fully programmed whereas abrasive jet machining has rapid programming feature and if operator is well trained than set up do not required for the part. Minimal burring problem, less scrap, environmentally friendly, no oil soaked chips are the reasons of abrasive jet machining which replacing milling process in machine shops.

The Drovers Wife: Hardship of Life in the Outback :: Drovers Wife Essays

The Drover's Wife: Hardship of Life in the Outback The short-story "The Drover's Wife" is written by Henry Lawson, Australia's most famous short-story writer and poet. "The Drover's Wife" is probably Lawson's best-known work, and was first published in the collection entitled "While the Billy Boils" in 1892. Lawson was deeply interested in the effects of the harsh Australian outback on people's lives, having himself spent 18 months in the bush. This was expressed in a number of so-called "bush ballads" and stories, "The Drover's Wife" being one of them. This short-story has the Australian bush or outback as its setting. This is revealed in the two first paragraphs, where the author makes a short and precise description of the little house and the surrounding landscape. To tell the time of the story is, however, more difficult. The text gives us only a few clues to when it might have happened. The most obvious one is, "The drought of 18 - ruined him". First I thought that 18 meant 1918, but considering that the short-story was written in 1892, this must be wrong. The year referred to is most probably 1818. The main conflict in "The Drover's Wife" is perhaps not so evident as we may think. At first it is quite easy to imagine that there is a conflict between the bush woman and the snake. The reason for that is that the snake is a threat to the woman. If she does not kill it, the snake can bite one of the children, which will be a disaster since it is nineteen miles to the nearest neighbor. The child would be dead before they could get help. However, this conflict is only a consequence of the main conflict, which is mentioned in a sentence early in the text, "The drover, an ex-squatter, is away with sheep. His wife and children are left here alone." The main problem is that the wife is left alone to deal with the hardships of life in the Australian bush. In my opinion Lawson uses the incident with the snake to uncover the bush woman's struggles against the outback. The point of view used in "The Drover's Wife" is the Third person Limited voice. Lawson has told the story form the bush woman's perspective. That allows us to see into her thoughts and feelings.

Penn foster exam Essay

I want to inform you of a position here at INK. My boss, Daniel Smith, is looking for a personal assistant and I know that you would be perfect for the position. Your background in sales and cashiering lend some qualifications to the job, but it is your outgoing personality and attention to detail that are sure to win him over. The Job Requirements include: -Preparing coffee every morning -Creating speeches for Mr. Smith’s many public appearances -Joining Mr. Smith at weekly conferences -Keeping a detailed log of Mr. Smith’s contacts with business and community members including personal information about their families, likes, dislikes, and hobbies -Managing Mr. Smith’s business account and petty cash funds. With your background as a cashier, I have no doubt that you will excel at managing the books. I have always noticed your ability to organize any situation to run smoothly, so I am assured that you can also handle Mr. Smith’s many public appearances and conferences. Your success as a sales clerk is surely due to your bright and positive personality- in fact I have rarely seen you without a smile for everyone. Mr. Smith can be a bear in the mornings without his coffee, so your upbeat attitude and your ability to roll with the punches, so to speak, will be a huge asset in that regard. I also know that in our family, you are the one who remembers everyone’s birthday’s, so as far as making Mr. Smith’s guests and associates feeling welcome, you are the best person for the job.

A Manual for Literature Review Essays

A Manual for Literature Review Essays A Manual for Literature Review Essay A Manual for Literature Review Essay Outline ? What Is Literature Review? ? Why Do Literature Review? ? The Steps of Literature Review ? Tips for Literature Review ? Last but not the least 2010-10-13 Japanese winner of Nobel prize in Chemistry 2 What Is Literature Review? â€Å" a literature review uses as its database reports of primary or original scholarship, and does not report new primary scholarship itself. The primary reports used in the literature may be verbal, but in the vast majority of cases reports are written documents. The types of scholarship may be empirical, theoretical, critical/analytic, or methodological in nature. Second a literature review seeks to describe, summarize, evaluate, clarify and/or integrate the content of primary reports. † Source: Cooper, H. M. (1988), â€Å"The structure of knowledge synthesis†, Knowledge in Society, Vol. 1, pp. 104-126 In a word, literature review is a critical summary and an assessment of the current state of knowledge or current state of the art in a particular field. 2010-10-13 A Manual of Literature Review 3 Why Do Literature Review? to let researchers and readers know the relationship between your research and former researches, including the strengths and weaknesses of former research Literature review should be done around your research topic. However, it should be noted that literatures you reviewed may be related to your research in other aspects, like research questions, research target, concept framework, and/or method and procedure. Before finishing literature review, it is impossible for you to decide the definition of research uestions and targets. 2010-10-13 A Manual of Literature Review 4 Why Do Literature Review? Several other purposes and benefits by doing literature review ? ? ? to avoid unfounded research and over repetition on the research already done by former researchers to identify gaps in the literature, to find new research frontiers, and to confirm how, where and by what way should your current research be done to increase existing knowledge to provide a train of thought and guidance for following situation: ? how to solve the problems you may face ? ? technologies data sources other research methods you haven’t come into your mind A Manual of Literature Review 5 2010-10-13 The Steps of Literature Review ? Step 1: Define the problem It is important to define the problem or area which you wish to address. Having a purpose for your literature review will narrow the scope of what you need to look for when you read. 2010-10-13 A Manual of Literature Review 6 The Steps of Literature Review ? Step 2: Carry out a search for relevant materials ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ooks (monographs, text books, reference books); articles from journals, whether print or electronic (but make sure electronic journals have been subject to the peer review process); newspaper articles; historical records; commercial reports and statistical information; government reports and statistical information; theses and dissertations; other types of information which may be releva nt to your particular discipline. A Manual of Literature Review 7 2010-10-13 The Steps of Literature Review ? Step 2: Carry out a search for relevant materials In Tokyo Tech, there several ways to search literatures ? Firstly, you can access the website: libra. titech. ac. jp/databases/ to find the related databases. For example, here are some common used databases: CiNii ? EBSCO host Engineering Village SciFinder Web Web of Science Secondly, you can use the Google Scholar to search the literatures you are interested in. Some of these literatures are free, and some of them are free, but you can access them by the location of Tokyo Tech if Tokyo Tech has bought the databases. A Manual of Literature Review 8 2010-10-13 The Steps of Literature Review ? Step 2: Carry out a search for relevant materials In Tokyo Tech, there several ways to search literatures ? Thirdly, you can use Tokyo Tech Library. You can search the database first before you go to library. ? Fourthly, if you find some literature is very helpful but not included in any database in Tokyo Tech, while other universities have it, you can go directly to the university or borrow it from Tokyo Tech Library. Fifthly, there are many books in our lab and Prof. Miyazaki’s office. There should be some books matching your research. Or you can suggest some books or reports to buy. 2010-10-13 A Manual of Literature Review 9 The Steps of Literature Review ? Step 3: Evaluate the literatures This part of information comes from â€Å"www. emeraldinsight. com/authors/guides/write/literature. htm† Initial appraisal from raw bibliographical data ? What are the authors credentials, are they an exper t in the field? Are they affiliated to a reputable organization? What is the date of publication; is it sufficiently current or will knowledge have moved on? ? If a book, is it the latest edition? ? ? Is the publisher a reputable, scholarly publisher? If it is a journal, is it a scholarly journal which has been peer reviewed? 2010-10-13 A Manual of Literature Review 10 The Steps of Literature Review ? Step 3: Evaluate the literatures This part of information comes from â€Å"www. emeraldinsight. com/authors/guides/write/literature. htm† Appraisal based on content analysis: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Is the writer addressing a scholarly audience? Does the author review the relevant literature? Does the author write from an objective viewpoint, and are their views based on facts rather than opinions? If the author uses research, is the design sound? Is it primary or secondary material? Does the author have a particular theoretical viewpoint, e. g. feminist? What is the relationship of this work to other material you have read on the same topic, does it substantiate it or add a different perspective? Is the authors argument logically organized and clear to follow? If the author is writing from a practice-based perspective, what are the implications for practice? A Manual of Literature Review 11 2010-10-13 The Steps of Literature Review ? Step 4: Analyze the findings ? ? ? What themes emerge and what conclusions can be drawn? What are the major similarities and differences between the various writers? Are there any significant questions which emerge and which could form a basis for further investigation? 2010-10-13 A Manual of Literature Review 12 The Steps of Literature Review Step 5: Organize literature review This part of information comes from â€Å"www. emeraldinsight. com/authors/guides/write/literature. htm† ? Introduction: define the topic, together with your reason for selecting the topic. You could also point out overall trends, gaps, particular themes that emerge, etc. Body: this is where you discuss your sources. Here are some ways in which you could organize your discussion: chronologically; thematically (take particular the mes in the literature); methodologically(the focus is on the methods of the researcher) ? ? Conclusion: summarize the major contributions, evaluating the current position, and pointing out flaws in methodology, gaps in the research, contradictions, and areas for further study A Manual of Literature Review 13 2010-10-13 Tips for Literature Review Use Literature, NOT show Literature: Literature review is not reading report; don’t just list what you read. You need to use literature, not show literature! You need to analyze these literatures including your comments. Don’t review many new and great prevalent theories before what have gone after your research! Literatures should be selected! 5C Principles: Comprehensive, Concise, Coherent, Cumulative and Critical. (Flowerdew, R. (1997). Finding previous work on the topic. In R. Flowerdew D. ) Quotations should be correct! Use relative softwares like reference manager JabRef and SciPlore Mindmapping to manage your literatures. 2010-10-13 A Manual of Literature Review 14 Tips for Literature Review Note for Sources You have to make clear information on the sources you are using! Plagiarism is not allowed! 2010-10-13 A Manual of Literature Review 15 Last but not the least This is just a general information on literature review, not represent all related information. What you need to do is â€Å"Do it as this guideline say and accumulate know-how when you do it†. There are many other more information in internet or papers on literature review. If you want to know more, please read more and practice it. One example of literature review: Franco Malerba, 2007. Innovation and the dynamics and evolution of industries: Progress and challenges. International Journal of Industrial Organization 25, 675–699. 2010-10-13 A Manual of Literature Review 16

Andrew Jackson Nicholas Biddles Monster Bank

Andrew Jackson Nicholas Biddles Monster Bank Nicholas Biddles bank was a great issue during Andrew Jacksons Election. At the time of around 1832, the bank was the only nationwide bank and exerted tremendous influences over the nations financial system. Andrew Jackson was very much against the renewal of the “Second Bank of the United States”, because he saw it as a huge monopoly since it was a private bank managed by a small group of people. With the Bank President being Nicholas Biddle, Andrew Jackson went after him.The very first national bank was founded in 1791 with support of Alexander Hamilton. The bank was authorized for a twenty year period during James Madisons tenure in 1816. Unfortunately, the First Banks charter expired in 1811 under President James Madison. Fortunately, the Bank was revived in 1816, as what we now know as the Second Bank of the United States. James Madison and Congress saw the bank as a good way to control the current inflation after the government found that it was in a considerable amount of debt from the “War of 1812”.78 year old Andrew JacksonThe now infamous Nicholas Biddle was given the position of the Banks director.Who is Nicholas Biddle Anyways? Biddle was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, ancestors of the Biddle family that had previously immigrated to Pennsylvania with William Penn, and fought in the famous Pre-Revolutionary Struggles. Biddle was a very well educated man, he began his education at a very prestigious academy in Pennsylvania. Because of his rapid success with education, he enrolled at the University of Pennsylvania at the very young age of 10. Surprisingly, the University refused to award him with a degree because of his young age, so he transferred to Princeton and graduated in 1801; He was awarded as the Valedictorian at age 15. Later in life,

Virtue ethics vs. utilitarianism Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Virtue ethics vs. utilitarianism - Term Paper Example It is an ethical dilemma, to identify which of the two is ethical; being unkind or lying. On the other hand it is also complex if it is ethical or unethical for an individual to steal from the rich with an aim of helping the poor. Ethics is both what an individual studies and thinks or the code that an individual follows and lives in that direction. In this paper I will argue that utilitarianism is the better form of ethics than virtue ethics.... Virtue ethics is a description of character as a moral agent, character is an ethical behavior driving force. It does not depend on rules or a consequence which defines what is right and wrong depending with the results of an act rather than character (Crisp, 68). While utilitarianism on the other hand, is an idea based on the moral worth of a specific action relaying on its usefulness as it maximizes on utility and minimizes on utility which is negative(Scarre, 2). Utility is defined as pleasure without pain, satisfaction that is preference or knowledge. Utilitarianism is therefore a form of consequentialism; moral worth of a specific action depends on the outcome. ... ch therefore it does not matter on the kind of acts human beings are involved in, or the intentions of individuals in an action, as long as the outcomes are positive. The consequential approach makes sense to us intuitively since while growing up, most children are usually taught on how they should be good. In this context the young are usually advice on how they should carry themselves and since human beings are mostly govern by there conscious they are in a position to make a decision based on the action that will not hate the other party (Lafollette, 27). In addition, utilitarianism relays on two main principles, one being equality; that is an individual considers everyone’s interests counts by having the same weight and relevancy. It does not discriminate race since everyone’s frustrations or pain has the same magnitude as anyone else. While the second principle relies on the action of an individual, the act has to result to a balance which is best between an indivi dual frustrations and satisfaction, as well as to all human beings affected by the results of the action. It is the best form of ethic since as a utilitarian; one has to think critically about a specific approach in a moral way. Here, an individual has to evaluate by first finding out the impacts of a specific approach. As a utilitarian one has to know who will be affected by choosing one of the two existing options. In addition, one has to determine the strength of the impact of the approach as well as where the best results will lie. It does not matter what option one has to take but it matters if the selected option is defines the moral duties (Lafollette, 27). On the other hand, Utilitarianism focuses on the idea of being kind and it is ethical for human beings to act this way. Being kind to

Media production Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Media production - Essay Example The film opens with a school boy, Shaun, starting a fight after one of his classmates, Havey, jokingly hurls an insult. Harvey annoys Shaun by insulting his father who had earlier passed on during the Falklands war. Shaun later leaves school and meets a group of skinheads among them Woody who pities Shaun and welcomes him to join in the crew. With time, Shaun finds comfort under the umbrella of this crew after Woody offers him a shoulder to rely on. A striking feature among the group is the only black skinhead, Milky, who seems quite pleased to share with the group despite all the others being white. As the film advances, more characters such as Meggy, Trevy, Smell, Kes, Kelly and Woody’s girlfriend Lol are revealed as members of the group (Meadows, 2006, Para. 1-2). An old skinhead member of the gang, Combo, has just completed a jail sentence and returns to the group with a new member, Banjo. Combo, a rather transparent character, expresses the differences between English nat ionalists and the racists as a way of inspiring leadership within the group. Resultantly, the group breaks into two and Shaun is attracted into Combo’s group as he regards Combo as an image of change and a mentor. Together with Combo, they attend meetings that are meant to sensitize the whites against the existing prejudice. Those who are opposed to the political ambition of this group, like Pukey, are rejected by the group (Fradley, 2006, para 5). As the group wages a war against racism, they have a chance to face harsh members of the nation such as the likes of Mr Sandhu who had warned Shaun against visiting his shop. This war against racism marks the climax of the film as the members of the Combo’s group fly the flag of change high despite Woody’s group remaining apolitical. At the denouement of the film, Combo suffers from depression after his old love, Lol, turns him down at such a critical time. To cure his stress, he buys bhang from Milky and they both pa rty under intoxication and learn more about one another. When Combo learns that Milky has a rich background, he develops bitterness and beats Milky to a coma when he invites him for a family gathering. The sense of guilt wears Combo up and he resolves in violence and fights his friends including Banjo and Meggy. As he and Shaun drag Milky to hospital, they lose their calmness and cannot avoid crying out of fear (Ferreira, 2000, para 1). Later, the camera catches up with Shaun as he laments over the whole experience and his Mother, Cynthia is the only icon of hope as she assures him that Milky will recover. As the film ends, the disappointed face of Shaun cannot be mistaken as he roams near the Sea beach where he throws the Saint George flag. Themes In the film â€Å"This is England† a number of themes are well pronounced by the vivid and lively coverage of the various scenes in the film. The main theme of this film is cultural bias or racism as pointed out by its main charact ers. The antagonist of this film is Combo as he organizes a gang that would fight against the racial prejudice that is exhibited by characters like Mr Sandhu who denies Shaun the right to buy in his shop. The words of Combo â€Å"this is England†